Bamwe mubami bategetse u Rwanda

Bimwe mu byagendeweho hakorwa icishirizo ni ibikorwa bikomeye byaranze ingoma ya buri mwami, igereranya ry’igihe cye cyo kwima n’icy’abandi bami bo mu bihugu byari bikikije u Rwanda, ibitero bikomeye byagabwe, inzara zateye, impinduka zidasanzwe mu buyobozi cyangwa mu mibereho ya rubanda n’ibindi.

Kugeza ubu , mu nyandiko zakozwe, iyagaragaweho kwegera cyane ibihe nyabyo ni igaragaza uko Abami b’u Rwanda bakurikiranye n’ubu n’imyaka bimye ingoma, mu buryo bukurikira:

Icishirizo ry’ingoma z’Abami b’u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 1000 kugeza mu wa 1960

1. Gihanga  Ngomijana (1091-1124)

2. Kanyarwanda Gahima (1124-1157)

3. Yuhi I Musindi (1157-1180)

5. Ndoba (1213-1246)

4. Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213)

6. Samembe (1246-1279)

7. Nsoro I Samukondo (1279-1312)

8. Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345)

9. Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378)

10. Kigeli I Mukobanya (1378-1411)

11. Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I (1411-1444)

12. Yuhi II Gahima II (1444-1477)

13. Ndahiro II Cyamatare (1477-1510)

14. Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543)

15. Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi 1543-1576)

16. Kigeli II Nyamuheshera (1576-1609)

17. Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609-1642)

18. Yuhi III Mazimpaka (1642-1675)

19. Cyilima II Rujugira (1675-1708)

20. Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1708-1741)

* Karemera Rwaka :  (Ku rutonde ntabarwa kuko yabaye umusigarira wa Ndabarasa ubwo yarwaraga amakaburo)

21. Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo (1741-1746)

22. Yuhi IV Gahindiro (1746-……?)

23. Mutara II Rwogera (1830-1853)

24. Kigeli IV Rwabugili (1853-1895)

25. Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa (1895 -1895) Yakorewe kudeta.

26. Yuhi V Musinga (1895-1931)

27. Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959)

28. Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959-1960)

Bamwe mu bami babaye ibihangange mu ntambara zo kwagura igihugu no kurinda ubusugire bwacyo, abandi babaye ibyamamare kubw’inyurabwenge rijimije ryabo ryihariye, abandi babaye ibyatwa kubw’ibikorwa bidasanzwe.

Cyakora abafite amateka yamenyekanye cyane si bose, bitewe n’uburyo bw’ishyinguranyandiko butari buriho muri ibyo bihe, gusa hakaba harakoreshwaga ihererekanyabumenyi bwafatwaga mu mutwe.

Abaperezida bayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cya Repubulika (1960 – 2013 )

MBONYUMUTWA Dominique:  Umwaka umwe (Kuva  28/01/1961 – 26/10/1961).  Perezida Mbonyumutwa yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’igeragezwa rya Repubulika, mbere gato y’uko rubona ubwigenge. Yavutse mu mwaka wa 1921 atabaruka kuwa 26 Nyakanga 1986.

KAYIBANDA Grégoire: Imyaka 12 (Kuva 26/10/1961  – 04/07/1973. Yavutse kuwa 01 Gicurasi 1924 yitaba Imana kuwa  15 Ukuboza 1976. Yavuye ku buyobozi akorewe kudeta.

Général Major HABYARIMANA Juvénal: Imyaka 21 (Kuva 05/07/1973 – 06/04/1994). Yavutse kuwa 8 Werurwe 1937 yitaba Imana  kuwa 6 Mata 1994. Yavuye ku buyobozi indege yarimo ihanuwe.

Dr SINDIKUBWABO Théodore: Amezi atatu (Kuva 09/04/1994 – 19/07/1994). Yavutse mu mwaka wa 1928, yitaba Imana  mbere gato ya 1998. Yavuye ku buyobozi ahunze igihugu.

BIZIMUNGU Pasteur: Imyaka itandatu (Kuva 19/07/1994 – 23/03/2000). Yavutse mu mwaka wa 1950, aracyariho. Yavuye ku buyobozi yeguye.

KAGAME Paul : Imyaka itatu y’inzibacyuho (Kuva 17/04/2000 – 25/08/2003 ) Yavutse kuwa 23 Ukwakira 1957. Nyuma y’iyi nzibacyuho atowe n’Inteko ishinga amategeko, Paul Kagame yakomeje kuyobora atowe n’Abaturarwanda

KAGAME Paul : Imyaka irindwi (Kuva 25/08/2003 – 09/08/2010 ), muri Manda ya mbere.
Kuva kuwa 09/ Kanama /2010  kugeza none (muri Manda ye ya kabiri).
U Rwanda rwagize Abaminisitiri b’intebe icyenda, kugeza ubu .

Abo ni :

1. Gregoire KAYIBANDA (1960)
2. Dr Sylvestre NSANZIMANA (02/10/1991 – 02/04/1992)
3. Dr Dismas NSENGIYAREMYE (02/04/1992 – 18/07/1993)
4. Agathe UWILINGIYIMANA (18/07/1993 – 07/04/1994)
5. Jean KAMBANDA (09/04/1994 – 19/07/1994)
6. Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU (19/07/1994 – 31/08/1995)
7. Pierre Célestin RWIGEMA (31/08/1995 – 08/03/2000)
8. Bernard MAKUZA (08/03/2000 – 07/10/2011)
9. Dr Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (07/10/2011 – … )

Muri aba Baminisitiri b’intebe uko ari icyenda, umwe niwe wabarizwaga mu ishyaka MRND (ritakiriho), undi umwe mu Muryango FPR, abandi barindwi basigaye batangwaga n’ishyaka MDR ritakiriho.

5 Things Super Successful People Do Before 8:am

Rise and shine! Morning time just became your new best friend. Love it or hate it, utilizing the morning hours before work may be the key to a successful and healthy lifestyle. That’s right, early rising is a common trait found in many CEOs, government officials, and other influential people. Margaret Thatcher was up every day at 5 a.m.; Frank Lloyd Wright at 4 am and Robert Iger, the CEO of Disney wakes at 4:30am just to name a few. I know what you’re thinking - you do your best work at night. Not so fast. According to Inc. Magazine, morning people have been found to be more proactive and more productive. In addition, the health benefits for those with a life before work go on and on. Let’s explore 5 of the things successful people do before 8 am.

1. Exercise. I’ve said it once, I’ll say it again. Most people that work out daily, work out in the morning. Whether it’s a morning yoga session or a trip to the gym, exercising before work gives you a boost of energy for the day and that deserved sense of accomplishment. Anyone can tackle a pile of paperwork after 200 ab reps! Morning workouts also eliminate the possibility of flaking out on your cardio after a long day at work. Even if you aren’t bright eyed and bushy tailed at the thought of a 5 am jog, try waking up 15 minutes early for a quick bedside set of pushups or stretching. It’ll help wake up your body, and prep you for your day.
2. Map Out Your Day. Maximize your potential by mapping out your schedule for the day, as well as your goals and to dos. The morning is a good time for this as it is often one of the only quiet times a person gets throughout the day. The early hours foster easier reflection that helps when prioritizing your activities. They also allow for uninterrupted problem solving when trying to fit everything into your timetable. While scheduling, don’t forget about your mental health. Plan a 10 minute break after that stressful meeting for a quick walk around the block or a moment of meditation at your desk. Trying to eat healthy? Schedule a small window in the evening to pack a few nutritious snacks to bring to work the next day.
3. Eat a Healthy Breakfast. We all know that rush out the door with a cup of coffee and an empty stomach feeling. You sit down at your desk, and you’re already wondering how early that taco truck sets up camp outside your office. No good. Take that extra time in the morning to fuel your body for the tasks ahead of it. It will help keep you mind on what’s at hand and not your growling stomach. Not only is breakfast good for your physical health, it is also a good time to connect socially. Even five minutes of talking with your kids or spouse while eating a quick bowl of oatmeal can boost your spirits before heading out the door.
4. Visualization. These days we talk about our physical health ad nauseam, but sometimes our mental health gets overlooked. The morning is the perfect time to spend some quiet time inside your mind meditating or visualizing. Take a moment to visualize your day ahead of you, focusing on the successes you will have. Even just a minute of visualization and positive thinking can help improve your mood and outlook on your work load for the day.
5. Make Your Day Top Heavy. We all have that one item on our to do list that we dread. It looms over you all day (or week) until you finally suck it up and do it after much procrastination. Here’s an easy tip to save yourself the stress - do that least desirable task on your list first. Instead of anticipating the unpleasantness of it from first coffee through your lunch break, get it out of the way. The morning is the time when you are (generally) more well rested and your energy level is up. Therefore, you are more well equipped to handle more difficult projects. And look at it this way, your day will get progressively easier, not the other way around. By the time your work day is ending, you’re winding down with easier to dos and heading into your free time more relaxed. Success!

Abacururiza mu isoko rya Kabeza bararira ayo kwarika

     Abacuruzi bacururiza mu isoko ‘Marie Merci Modern Market ltd’ riherereye mu mudugudu wa Kalisimbi, akagari ka Kabeza umurenge wa Kanombe, akarere ka Kicukiro, bararira ayo kwarika kubera ikibazo cyo kubura abaguzi.

Iri soko rubatse i ruhande rw’Akagari ka Kabeza

Aba bacuruzi bavuga ko kuva iri soko ryafungura hagati mu mwaka wa 2012,  abaguzi baza umwe umwe kandi na bo ugasanga abenshi ari abaza kwirebera imiterere y’isoko,  batagenzwa no guhaha.
Umwe mu bagore bacuruza ibijyanye n’amavuta yo kwisiga yabwiye Umuseke ko kugeza ubu gukorera muri iri soko ari ukwihambira kuko ngo nta kintu bakuramo ahubwo usanga bahomba n’ayo bari bafite.
Yagize ati “Kuza hano ni amabura kindi, abaguzi nta bo pe!  baza umwe umwe na bo kandi nti bagura, n’uguze arahenda cyane ugasanga umuntu arunguka amafaranga ari munsi y’igiceri cy’100.”
Uyu mugore avuga ko iri soko ribahombya kugeza aho ibyo barangura birenza igihe bakabijugunya cyangwa se byaba bibura iminsi mike bakabitahana bakabyihera abantu.
Akaba yongeyeho ati “Mu minsi ishize nashidutse amasabune yo mu bwoko bwa  Protex abura icyumweru ngo apfe, nayatahanye igitaraganya ariko na bwo nti byabujije ko adupfiraho.”
Arongera ati “Usibye amabura kindi umuntu abonye indi mikorere yakwigendera.”
Ikibazo cy’igihombo muri iri soko nti kiri mu bacuruza amavuta gusa kuko n’abacuruza ibiribwa ni uko, umwe mu bagore baranguza bakanacuruza ibiribwa waganiriye n’Umuseke avuga ko  gucururiza mu isoko rya Kabeza bisaba kwihangana no  gukanura  amaso.
Yabwiye Umuseke ati “Amafaranga yangirikiye muri iri soko kuyagaruza nta bwo byoroshye, ahubwo umuntu ahora ashoramo andi.”
Uyu mugore [wavuganaga agahinda kenshi] yavuze ko bagitangira bamennyemo ibintu byinshi bazi ko abaguzi bazaza ku bwinshi maze bikabura ababigura  bakabimena.
Kubwe ngo kugaruza ayo bashoye ntibyoroshye, ati “Kuyagaruza nti byoroshye, mbese si nzi  ahantu imikorere y’iri soko izaturuka.”
Bamwe byarabananiye barafunga
Nk’uko bigaragarira buri wese winjira muri iri soko, usanga imiryango myinshi ifunze ahandi nta bantu barimo.
Umunyamakuru w’Umuseke watembereyemo yasanze mu miryango 13 iri ku murongo umwe hafunguyemo ibiri yonyine ndetse ngo hari igihe biba nta n’umwe ufunguye.
Abacuruza bavuga ko abenshi byabananiye bagahitamo gufunga abandi bakaba baza igihe bashakiye ngo kuko kuhirirwa no kutahirirwa byose byenda kungana.
Umwe mu bacuruza imyenda watangiranye n’iri soko mu kwezi kwa gatandatu mu mwaka wa 2012 avuga ko amaze igihe adakandagira muri iri soko kubera kubura amafaranga y’ubukode.
Uyu mucuruzi ati “Si nzi ko iryo soko nzarigarukamo, kuko kurizamo binkururira igihombo kurusha kutarizamo.”

Kuri iyi miryango igera ku 13 hafunguyemo ibiri gusa

Uyu mubyeyi uvuga ko afite abana agaburira, avuga ko iyo aje gucuruza bimusaba itike ndetse saa sita agakenera kurya kandi nta kintu yagurishije, avuga ko yahisemo kuba abihagaritse ngo kuko kuza gucuruza ntugire ikintu utahana ngo uhe abana nta cyo bimaze.
Yagize ati “Amafaranga y’ubukode nakoresheje ubushije ni ayo nari nagujije ubwo rero si nakongera kuguza andi nitwa ngo ndakora.”
Akomeza avuga ko umuntu ucuruza imyenda ashobora kumara icyumweru nta muguzi abonye cyangwa yanamubona akaba ari ushaka kumuha ari munsi y’ikiranguzo.
Ku bwe  ati “Imana nimfasha nkongera kubona ubushobozi nzashaka ahandi nerekeza, kuko Kebeza nta mikorere ihari.”
Ubwikorezi buri mu bibangamiye iri soko
Ndahimana Gérard, ukurikiraniraha hafi ibikorwa by’iri soko avuga ko ikibazo aba bacuruzi bafite na bo bakizi nk’ubuyobozi bw’isoko, gusa avuga ko igitera ibi ari uko Kabeza iri ku ruhande bigatuma abantu benshi bataryitabira.
Ndahimana avuga ko ikindi gitera iki kibazo cy’ibura ry’abaguzi muri iri soko ari ikibazo cy’imodoka zitwara abagenzi berekeza muri uyu muhanda. Avuga ko umuhanda wa Kabeza waciwemo imodoka za tagizi mini bus  bagashyiramo imodoka nini za KBS kandi ngo izi modoka ntizijya zitwara imizigo.
Agira ati “Umuntu ntiyaza guhaha ngo atware ibyo yahashye ku mu twe kandi abijyana ahantu kure, muri make iri soko rihahirwamo n’abifitiye imodoka cyangwa abatuye hafi.”

Mu isoko abantu ni mbarwa

Akomeza atunga agatoki ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda wa Kabeza avuga ko n’imodoka zihagenda zitajya zigeza abagenzi   muri gare ya Remera, ngo  bivuze ko nta waza guhaha mu isoko ngo imodoka imugeze muri ‘Feu rouge’ ahasigaye ahagende n’amaguru.
Ikindi kibazo  Ndahimana yagarutseho cyanagarutsweho n’abandi bacuruzi bo mu isoko rya Kabeza, ni icy’amabutiki menshi yo mu ngo, bigatuma abahatuye bataza guhahira mu isoko.
Ndahimana ati “Ubuyobozi budufashije bugafunga utwo tubutiki, abaducururizamo bakazanwa mu isoko, byakongera urujya n’uruza rwo muri iri soko,  ikindi kandi  byanafasha mu bijyanye no gukusanya imisoro.”
Ibikorwa remezo na byo bifite aho bihuriye n’iki kibazo         
Ndahimana akomeza avuga ko leta ibafashije yatunganya umuhanda uhuza Kabeza na Kicukiro kugira ngo yorohereze abatuye Kicukiro kuza guhahira mu isoko rya Kijyambere rya Kabeza.
Undi muhanda avuga ko uramutse utunganyije wazamura umubare w’abagana iri soko, ni uhuza uduce twa Kanombe, Kabeza na Busanza.
Uyu muyobozi ukurikirana ibyo mu isoko rya Kabeza ati “Nidushyiramo imbaraga tugatanga serivise nziza na leta ikabidufashamo nta gihombo tuzagira.”
Icyakora ariko n’ubwo abacuruzi binubira imikorere yo muri iri soko,  ubuyobozi bw’isoko na bwo bwagerageje kumva iki kibabazo bubagabanyiriza amafaranga y’ubukode, nk’uko Ndahimana abitangaza.
Ibibanza byakodeshwaga amafaranga ibihumbi 600 byashyizwe ku bihumbi 400, ibyari ku bihumbi  400 bishyirwa kuri 200, ibyakodeshwaga ibihumbi 150 bishyirwa ku 100, ibyakodeshwaga amafaranga ibihumbi 50 byashyizwe ku bihumbi 30. Ibibanza byakodeshwaga amafaranga ibihumbi 37 500 byashyizwe ku bihumbi 20  na ho ibyari ku bihumbi 15 byashyizwe ku bihumbi 10 gusa.
Isoko ‘Marie Merci Modern Market ltd’, ryubatse ku buso bwa hegitari imwe n’igice, rikaba rifite ibice bitanu by’ingenzi aribyo igice cy’amabanki n’amafarumasi, igice gikorerwamo n’abaranguzi, icy’abacuruza ubuconsho n’amabutiki, icy’abacuruza ibiribwa by’imyaka n’igice n’icy’abacuruza inyama.

Iki n’igice cy’amafarumasi n’Alimentations

Aha ni bar na restaurent ariko nta bantu barimo

Mu mboga niho hapfuye kuba abantu

Mu gice cyabaranguza naho harimo abafunze imiryango

Aha ni ahagenewe gucururizwa imyumbati n’ibijumba n’ibindi

Hariho abishyura nti birirwe imiryango badakora ngo bategereje ko isoko rishyuha

Etats-Unis: Les services de renseignement collecte des millions de carnets d'adresses

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  20minutes.fr/20minutes.fr - Le siège de l'agence américaine de renseignement NSA, le 31 mai 2006 à Fort Meade, Maryland, près de Washington, Paul J. Richards AFP

MONDE - 250 millions de listes de contacts courriels de comptes Yahoo!, Facebook, Gmail et autres seraient collectées chaque année...

L'agence américaine de renseignement NSA collecte des centaines de millions de listes de contacts numériques d'Américains via leurs courriels ou leurs messageries instantanées, indique le Washington Post, citant des documents de l'ancien consultant de la NSA Edward Snowden.

>> NSA: Comment échapper à Big Brother?

En une seule journée en 2012, la NSA a intercepté 444.743 listes de contacts courriels de comptes Yahoo!, 82.857 de comptes Facebook, 33.697 de comptes Gmail, et 22.881 d'autres fournisseurs internet, précise la NSA dans une présentation publiée lundi par le journal américain. Extrapolés sur une année, ces chiffres correspondraient à la collecte de 250 millions de listes de contacts courriels par an.

Des millions d'Américains concernés

Ce qui voudrait dire que des millions, voire des dizaines de millions d'Américains sont concernés par cette collecte, ont indiqué au journal deux hauts responsables du renseignement américain.
Ces listes contiennent davantage d'informations que les métadonnées téléphoniques car dans ces contacts courriels (d'emails) figurent aussi des numéros de téléphone, des adresses physiques, des informations économiques ou familiales, et parfois les premières lignes d'un message.
La NSA intercepte ces listes «au vol», quand elles se retrouvent dans des échanges internet, plutôt qu'«au repos», dans les serveurs des ordinateurs. Et de ce fait, la NSA n'a pas besoin de le notifier aux groupes internet qui abritent ces informations, comme Yahoo!, Google ou Facebook.
Interdiction contournée
L'agence les intercepte à partir de points d'accès situés «partout dans le monde» mais pas aux États-Unis, ont précisé les responsables du renseignements. Ce qui permet à la NSA de contourner l'interdiction qui lui est faite d'intercepter des

Vers un monde sans tabac

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  Slate.fr/Slate.fr - Vers un monde sans tabac

Fumées blanches pour les vapoteurs? A Strasbourg le Parlement européen a, mardi 8 octobre, voté en leur faveur. La Commission voulait faire de la cigarette électronique l'équivalent d'un médicament. Les députés n'ont pas suivi: la e-cigarette restera en vente libre dans l'Union (où l'on compterait désormais sept millions d'utilisateurs). Seules restrictions: elle sera interdite de publicité et les mineurs ne pourront l'acheter.

Les mêmes dispositions pourraient être adoptées aux Etats-Unis (trois millions d'utilisateurs) par la Food and Drug Administration. Tout est encore loin d'être acquis: la machinerie réglementaire européenne est suffisamment lourde (pas d'applications concrètes prévues avant plusieurs années) pour que les lobbies financés par les majors du secteurs (Marlboro, British American Tobacco, Imperial Tobacco et Japan Tobacco) parviennent à en réduire la portée sanitaire.
Pour autant, le vote du 8 octobre devrait, à moyen terme modifier le paysage de cette addiction massive et légale. Il marque surtout l'entrée officielle de la cigarette électronique dans ce paysage. C'est là un objet sans précédent dans l'histoire des addictions; la seule comparaison pouvant ici être faite demeure celle de la courageuse politique menée contre les  drogues injectables illicites (avec le recours à la méthadone notamment) qui commencèrent à être autorisées en réponse à l'épidémie de sida dans les années 1980.
A sa façon, le développement rapide du marché de la cigarette électronique (en Europe comme aux Etats-Unis) constitue une expérience inédite et massive de réduction des risques. Mais c'est aussi phénomène d'autant plus paradoxal qu'il progresse le plus souvent en dépit de (ou grâce à) l'opposition déclarée ou tacite de la plupart des  responsables des institutions sanitaires nationales ainsi que de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé.
70.000 morts par an en France

Kaminuza imwe y’igihugu (UR) yahawe ubuyobozi

 

Kuri uyu wa Kabiri tariki 15 Ukwakira 2013, Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame yashyizeho ubuyobozi bwa Kaminuza imwe y’igihugu ihuriwemo n’amashami menshi aherereye hiry no hino mu gihugu.
Nk’uko biri mu itangazo dukesha ibiro bya Minisitiri w’intebe, ubuyobozi bwashyizweho mu buryo bukurikira :
Mu buyobozi bukuru :
Umuyobozi mukuru (Chancellor) : Dr. Mike O’ Neal
Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije (Vice Chancellor) : Emeritus Prof. James McWha
Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe amasomo n’ubushakashatsi : Prof. Nelson Ijumba
Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe Imari n’Ubutegetsi : Mr. Prudence Rubingisa
Mu buyobozi bw’amashami y’iyi kaminuza (College Principals) :
1. Ishuri rikuru ry’ubucuruzi n’ubukungu : Dr. Papias Musafiri
2. Ishuri rikuru ry’uburezi : Prof. George Njororoge
3. Ishuri rikuru ry’ubuhinzi , ubumenyi bw’inyamanswa n’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo : Dr. Leatitia Nyinawamwiza
4. Ishuri rikuru ry’ubuvuzi n’ubuzima : Dr. Phillip Cotton
5. Ishuri rikuru ry’indimi ubuhanzi n’ubumenyamuntu : Mrs Usta Kayitesi
6. Ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga : Dr. Maasseh Mbonye
Inama y’ubutegetsi :
Umuyobozi w’inama y’ubutegetsi : Prof Paul Dvenport
Umuyobozi w’inama y’ubutegetsi wungirije : Dr. Diane Karusisi
Abanyamuryango :
Prof. Clet Niyikiza, Prof Geoffrey Rugege, Sir. David King, Dr. Ignace Gatare, Dr. Mark Cyubahiro Bagabe, Mrs. Christine Uwimana, Dr. john Nkurikiye, Mr. Hannington Namara, Mrs. Deidra Shears
Bimwe mu bigwi by’umuyobozi mushya wa kaminuza imwe
Dr. Mike O’ Neal wahawe kuyobora ku nshuro ya mbere, Kaminuza imwe y’igihugu mu Rwanda, yahoze ari umuyobozi wa Kaminuza ya Oklahoma Christian University iherereye muri Leta ya Oklahoma, kuva mu 2002 kugeza mu 2012.
Mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe, O’Neal yamenyekanyeho kuba yarateje imbere cyane iyi Kaminuza, ku buryo iyi Kaminuza yagabanyije bigaragara ingengo y’imari bakoreshaga, ndetse yongera ibikorwa byerekeranye n’uburezi, aho ngo yafashije mu kongera amashami 20.
Uyu mugabo kandi ngo yatumye Kaminuza mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe yongera umubare w’abayiganamo mu kuyigamo inshuro enye mu byiciro byose, haba mu kiciro kibanza cya Kaminuza, ndetse na Masters.
Ikindi ngo yibukirwaho cyane ni ukuba yarubakishije amacumbi y’abanyeshuri ahagaze agaciro ka miliyoni 34.
O’ Neal kandi ngo si Kaminuza gusa yagiye akorera kuko yanakoreye ibigo byigenga bikora ibaruramari n’igenzura nka ; Coopers & Lybrand ; Touche, Ross & Co ; na Ernst & Ernst.
Uyu mugabo kandi akaba yaragiye aza mu Rwanda kenshi akakirwa n’abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu mu nzego zose, barimo Perezida wa Repubulika na Minisitiri w’intebe.

Dr. Mike O'Neal umuyobozi mukuru wa kaminuza imwe y'u rwanda

Ahagizwe

Cancer : de nouveaux indicateurs pour adapter le traitement

• Cancer : de nouveaux indicateurs pour adapter le traitement

   

   

Une méta-analyse présentée lors du dernier congrès européen de cancérologie (27 septembre -1er octobre, Amsterdam) démontre l'intérêt de mesurer les cellules tumorales circulantes. Dans le cancer du sein, cet indicateur s'avère extrêmement fiable pour suivre l'évolution de la maladie et adapter les traitements. Et cela par simple prise de sang...

L'équipe du Pr Jean-Yves Pierga de l'Institut Curie a présenté une synthèse de tous les travaux réalisés à ce jour en Europe sur les cellules tumorales circulantes. Ces dernières se trouvent en dehors de la tumeur et sont passées dans le système sanguin. A ce stade, elles vont probablement donner naissance à des métastases (voir infographie ci-contre). « Les données ont été collectées auprès de 2 000 patientes traitées pour un cancer du sein avancé, un échantillon qui n'avait encore jamais été atteint à ce jour », explique le Pr Pierga.
Une simple prise de sang ?
Selon les auteurs, « la détection de ces cellules est un indicateur clé du taux de survie après traitement. Cet outil présente un autre intérêt : il est reconductible dans le temps. « De fait nous nous interrogeons actuellement sur l'opportunité de rechercher en routine ces cellules, en vue d'adapter le traitement ».
Ainsi grâce à des méthodes de détection innovantes et développées par l'Institut Curie, plusieurs essais cliniques sont actuellement en cours de validation. « Plus rapide que l'imagerie, moins invasif que les biopsies, la détection des cellules tumorales circulantes par une simple prise de sang devrait permettre de mieux suivre la maladie dans sa phase métastatique et ainsi d'adapter le traitement », conclut le Pr Jean-Yves Pierga. Les enjeux sont multiples : améliorer l'évaluation du pronostic des cancers ou encore diagnostiquer précocement les rechutes.

Rusumo power project gets Rwf76b World Bank boost 

The government is primed to start the construction of a Rwf76 billion hydro-electric project at Rusumo waterfall. 

The government has signed a funding deal worth $113.3 million (about Rwf76 billion) from the World Bank to be injected into the regional Rusumo Falls hydro-electric project.

The deal is part of the $340 million that the Bank allocated to the governments of Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania, to fund the project.

The Rusumo project, set to commence in 2014, is expected to boost the power grids of the three countries with 80 megawatts once complete.

The deal was signed, last week, during the annual World Bank meeting in Washington DC, by the Minister for Finance, Amb. Claver Gatete, and Colin Bruce, the Bank director of strategy operations and regional integration.

“This is part of Rwanda’s long-term strategy to reduce electricity costs, promote renewable power, spur job-led economic development and pave the way for more dynamic regional cooperation and stability,” Gatete said in a statement.

The funding is the first operation under the World Bank Group Great Lakes Regional Initiative, inaugurated by Group President Jim Yong Kim during his joint trip to the region with UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in May this year.

An all-important energy

Yesterday, Ntare Karitanyi, the director-general of Energy, Water and Sanitation Authority (EWSA), appreciated the World Bank’s support, emphasising the energy sector’s role to Rwanda’s development and modernisation.

“The realisation of EDPRS 2 targets as well as the overall Vision 2020 targets is directly linked to investments in energy sector,” Karitanyi said.

“Having enough, affordable, accessible and sustainable sources of energy in Rwanda is strategic and is directly related to effective development of the sector which is the key driver of the development of other sectors.”

Karitanyi also urged member states to mobilise funds for the Rusizi III Hydropower project which is estimated to generate 145 megawatts shared between Rwanda, Burundi and DR Congo.

Rwanda has embarked on rehabilitating its transmission lines to increase supply, as well as constructing new high voltage transmission lines interconnecting Rwanda with the region.

The country has an ambitious target to catapult its electricity generation from 110 megawatts to 560 megawatts, as well as to increase the electricity access rate from current 18 percent to 70 per cent by 2017.

Muslims celebrate Eid-ul-Adha today

Thousands of Muslims are expected to throng the Regional Stadium in Nyamirambo today  for prayers that commence the celebration of Eid-ul-Adha.

Eid ul-Adha, or the Corban Festival, is one of their major Islamic festivals. Muslims all over the world are celebrating the festival of sacrifice, one of the most important holidays in Islam.

Eid ul-Adha celebrations start after the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia , by Muslims worldwide.

Ten days before Eid begins, Muslims fast and break the fast at sunset each day.

The day which is commonly known as the ‘Festival of Sacrifice,’ is celebrated in honour of the willingness of Ibrahim to sacrifice his son Ismael as an act of obedience to God.

Part of the celebration is sharing a meal with the needy people and offering assistance in various ways, including alms.

This is the second Eid festival celebrated by Muslims worldwide.

The first is Eid-ul-Fitr, which marks the end of the Holy Month of Ramadhan. The faithful celebrated it in August. For 30 days, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk, breaking their fast each day at dusk.

 

Paruwasi Ste Famille igeze kuri yubile y’imyaka 100 ishinzwe

 

Paruwasi Gatorika yitiriwe Umuryango Mutagatifu (Paroisse Sainte Famille) igizwe n’abakirisitu 27,143, yubatse rwagati mu mujyi wa Kigali, tariki 19 Ukwakira iritegura kwizizihiza yubile y’imyaka ijana imaze ivutse mu Rwanda, kuko yashinzwe ku itariki ya 21 Ukwakira 1913.
Iyi Paruwasi yatangiye yitwa Misiyoni y’umuryango Mutagatifu yagize amateka akomeye muri Kiliziya Gatorika mu Rwanda kuva yashingwa n’abapadiri bera, Padiri Max Theodor Franz Donders (wayiyoboye igitangira), Padiri Xavier Zumbiehl na Furere Alfred Bruder bo mu gihugu cya Espange, ari na bo bayiyoboye kugeza mu mwaka wa 1923. Bahaye ubuyobozi Abanyarwanda, hahise hayobora n’Umunyarwanda wa mbere wabaye Musenyeri, ari Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami nk’uko amateka y’iyi Paruwasi abivuga.
Paruwasi Ste Famille kandi ubwo yatangiraga yagomba kubakwa ku musozi wa Kigali (Mount Kigali), ariko byaje guhinduka kubera ikibazo cy’amazi atarabashaga kuboneka, ishyirwa mu mujyi wa Kigali rwagati. habanje kubakwa amashuri abanza ya Saint Famille ari naho ibirori byo kuyitangiza byabereye tariki 15 Ugushyingo 1913.

 

Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami, Umunyrwanda wayoboye Sainte Famille bwa mbere

Amashuri yagize uruhare runini kuko yabyariye Kiliziya n’igihugu bamwe mu bayobozi batandukanye ; nka Senateri Bernard Makuza, Senateri Chrisologue Karangwa Minisitiri w’Uburezi Docteur Vincent Biruta, Minisitiri w’umuco na Siporo Protais Mitari, Général Marcel Gatsinzi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Gatsinzi‎, Depite Agnès Mukazibera, Ambasaderi Joseph Habineza, n’abapadiri benshi.
Aganira na IGIHE Mvuyekure Rémy Padiri mukuru wa Paruwasi Ste Famille kuri ubu, yavuze ko hari ibikorwa bimwe by’ukwemera abakirisitu bitabira mu kwitegura neza yubile.
Paruwasi Saint Famille yatanze umugisha ku bamotari mu mujyi wa Kigali tariki 9 Ukwakira nk’uko IGIHE yabibagejejeho mu nkuru iheruka
Usibye ibyo byanagaragariye benshi, no mu imbere mu bakirisitu hari ibyakozwe.
Padiri Rémy yagize ati « Guhera tariki ya 29 Nzeri 2013 kugeza ku ya 06 Ukwakira 2013, hakozwe iyogezabutumwa risozwa n’urugendo nyobokamana kuri Chapelle Bikira Mariya Mwamikazi w’Afrika i Jali. Mu Miryango-remezo yose hakozwe mu minsi icyenda hakozwe Noveni[amasengesho] yabanjirije umunsi mukuru nyir’izina wa Yubile. »

Uko kiliziya ya Ste Famille yari imeze igishingwa

Amashuri n’ibitaro byubatswe na Paruwasi
Paruwasi yagiye igira ibikorwa bitandukanye by’iterambere mu gihugu nk’ishuri rya Santarali ya Bikira Mariya Mwamikazi wa Kibeho riri i Jali, ryatangiye mu mwaka w’i 1961 ; ishuri ryisumbuye rya IFAK ryo kuri Santarali ya Mutagatifu Yohani Bosiko Kimihurura ryatangiye mu mwaka w’i 1964, ishuri rya EPAK na EMAK yatangiye mu mwaka w’i 1995. Paruwasi kandi ifite ishuri muri Santarali ya Mutagatifu Dominiko/Gatsata ryatangiye mu w’i 1963.
Mu mwaka w’i 1918 yubatse ikigo nderabuzima gitangirana ishami ry’ubugororangingo no kubaga. Icyo kigo, ubu kizwi ku izina rya CHUK (Ibitaro Bikuru bya Kaminuza bya Kigali) cyaje kwegurirwa Leta mu mwaka w’i 1938.
Ibikorwa by’iterambere bifasha abakirisitu
Paruwasi yafashije kandi abafite amikoro make kwiteza imbere no kwigirira icyizere, ifatanyije n’abaterankunga. Bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa harimo gufasha mu masantarali yose abana biga mu mashuri yisumbuye baturuka mu miryango ikennye kubona amafaranga y’ishuri ; gufasha amatsinda y’abagore bibana mu gukora imishinga iciriritse ibafasha kwiteza imbere nk’ubworozi bw’ihene, ubworozi bw’inzuki, amatsinda y’ibimina n’ibindi.
Iyi Paruwasi itangira yagomba kubakwa ku musozi wa Kigali (Mount Kigali) byaje guhinduka kubera ikibazo cy’amazi ishyirwa mu mukyi rwagati.
Iyi Paruwasi yavutse bwa cumi nyuma ya Misiyoni (Pruwasi) ya Save iri mu Bwanamukari(Butare) yavutse mu 1900, Misiyoni ya Zaza mu Gisaka yavutse1900, Misiyoni ya Nyundo mu Bugoyi yavutse mu 1901, Misiyoni ya Rwaza mu Murera yavutse mu 1903, Misiyoni ya Mibilizi mu Kinyaga (1903) Misiyoni ya Kabgayi mu Marangara mu 1906, Misiyoni ya Murunda mu Kanage mu 1909, Misiyoni ya Rulindo mu Bumbogo yavutse mu mwaka 1909, Misiyoni ya Kansi mu yavutse mu mwaka wa 1910.
Iyo umuntu arebye neza, abona ko inyinshi muri izi Misiyoni zari ku nkiko z’u Rwanda, naho Ste Famille ikaba yarashinzwe hagati mu gihugu.
Ijambo" Paruwasi" ryatangiye gukoreshwa guhera ku itariki ya 10/ Ugushyingo 1959 risimbuye ijambo" Misiyoni". Kuri iyo tariki nibwo kandi Papa Yohani XXIII, mu rwandiko « Cum parvulum sinapis », yashyizeho ubuyobozi bwihariye muri Congo Mbiligi n’ubundi bwihariye muri Rwanda- Burundi. Kuva ubwo n’ibyari Vikariyati bihinduka Diyosezi.
Hakurirkijwe ibarura ryakozwe kuwa Mbere, tariki ya 24 Ugushyingo 1913, abakirisitu ba Ste famille babarirwaga kuri mirongo itatu (30), none ubu hakurikijwe ibarura riherutse 27.143.

Paruwasi Ste Famille  onews.irwanda.ne t / uko imeze ubu(Ifoto/ Faustin N.)

Uganda : Perezida Museveni yirukanye Abajenerali mu nama igitaraganya

 

Mu nama idasanzwe yahuje Perezida wa Uganda, Yoweri K. Museveni n’abasirikare bamaze iminsi batahutse bava mu butumwa bw’amahoro muri Somalia (AMISOM), yasabye abasirikare bafite amapeti yo hasi kuvuga ibibazo bahuye nabyo, bamubwira ko bashobora guhura n’ibibazo, umukuru w’igihugu ahitamo kwirukana mu nama abajenerali bari bayitabiriye.
Muri iyi nama yabereye mu ntara ya Nakaseke, aba basirikare bato babwiye umukuru w’igihugu ko badashobora kugira icyo bamubwira bisanzuye, kuko ngo abayobozi babo bashobora kuzabihoreraho mu gihe baba bagize icyo bavuga.
Amakuru ava mu bitariye iyi nama yageze kuri The Daily Monitor, aravuga ko muri ako kanya, aba basirikare bakuru Perezida Museveni yahise abasohora mu nama igitaraganya.
Aba bajenerali basohowe, barimo Maj. Gen. David Muhoozi umugaba w’ingabo zo ku butaka, Brig. Gen. Charles Otema ushinzwe ibikorwa n’ibikoresho mu gisirikare, Brig. Gen. Diiba Sentongo ushinzwe inkiko za gisirikare, Brig. Gen. Leopold Kyanda uyobora Minisiteri y’iby’ingabo zirwanira hasi, Brig. Gen. Charles Bakahumura uyobora igice gishinzwe iperereza na Col. Felix Kulayigye.
Nyuma yo gusohora aba basiririkare, abasigaye ngo bavuze akabari ku mutima, babwira Perezida Museveni ko abasirikare bakuru bagurishaga ibiryo bagenerwaga ubwo bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro, amavuta y’imodoka zakoreshwaga mu kazi nayo akaba yaragurishwaga.

Perezida Museveni yahagurukiye abasirikare bangiza izina rya UPDF

Aba basirikare kandi babwiye Perezida Museveni ko bahabwaga ibyo kurya byatakaje igihe, rimwe na rimwe bakaba barajyaga ku kazi mu nda ntakirimo, abakomerekeye ku rugamba nabo bakaba barajyanwaga kwa muganga bitinze, kuko ngo amavuta yabaga yabuze, aha bakaba bavuga ko yagurishwaga mu masosiyete yigenga mu mujyi wa Mogadishu.
Perezida Museveni arakaye, ngo yabwiye aba basirikare ko agiye guhana bikomeye ababigizemo uruhare bose, aha akaba yabwiye ko banduje bikomeye isura y’ingabo za UPDF, abizeza ko bazabona igisubizo vuba.
Amakuru akaba avuga ko nyuma yaba yarabonye n’aba basirikare mu biro bye (State House) mbere y’uko yerekeza muri Etiopiya, mu nama yahuje abayobozi ba Afurika.
Aya makuru aje nyuma y’aho ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Obama muri Amerika, buherutse kubwira Uganda ko bafite abasirikare bazi urugamba ariko ikibazo bafite kikaba ari ubujura.